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这周我家孩子学基数词和序数词,今天特意把小学英语阶段涉及到的基数词、序数词的知识点和口诀分享给大家。
首先,需要知道两者的含义是什么?
基数词:描述事物或人物的多少,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。
序数词:简单来说,就是第几。描述出生日期时,也要用序数词。
序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。有关分数表示法。
用法:
基数词从1–12,比较特殊,需要单独记忆。
one、 two、three、four、five、six、seven 、eight、nine、 ten、eleven、twelve
从13–19,30、50、80加teen不一样,40、60、70、90则是直接加teen
thirteen、fourteen、fifteen、sixteen、 seventeen、 eighteen、nineteen
整十数的基数词,是直接加ty,除了twenty (20),thirty (30), forty (40),fifty (50),eighty (80)为特殊形式外,sixty (60),seventy (70),ninety (90) 都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。
表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”
例如: 26 : twenty–six 39 : thirty –nine
68 : sixty–eight 82 : eighty–two
序数词
从第一都第十九 :1、2、3、5、8、9、12比较特殊外,其他的序数词都是由它的序数词加th构成。
one–first 、 two–second 、three–third、 five–fifth 、 eight–eighth 、nine–ninth、twelve–twelfth。
整十的序数词是它的基数词变结尾的字母y为i再加eth构成
例如: thirty–thirtieth fourty–fourtieth
具体看参考下图:
初中扩展
英语基数词与序数词对比表
1 one一;1stfirst第一
2 two二;2nd second第二
3 three十;3rd third第三
4 four四;4th fourth第四
5 five五;5th fifth第五
6 six六;6th sixth第六
7 seven七;7th seventh第七
8 eight八;8th eighth第八
9 nine九;9th ninth第九
10 ten十;10th tenth第十
11 eleven十一;11th eleventh第十一
12 twelve十二;12th twelfth第十二(twelve变ve为f加th)
13 thirteen十三;13th thirteenth第十三
14 fourteen十四;14th fourteenth第十四
15 fifteen十五;15th fifteenth第十五
16 sixteen十六;16th sixteenth第十六
17 seventeen十七;17th seventeenth第十七
18 eighteen十八;18th eighteenth第十八
19 nineteen十九;19th nineteenth第十九
20 twenty二十;20th twentieth第二十(twenty变y为ie加th)
21 twenty-one二十一;21st twenty-first第二十一
23 twenty-three二十三;23rd twenty-third第二十三
25 twenty-five二十五;25th twenty-fifth第二十五
27 twenty-seven二十七;27th twenty-seventh第二十七
29 twenty-nine二十九;29th twenty-ninth第二十九
30 thirty三十;30th thirtieth第三十
32 thirty-two三十二;32nd thirty-second第三十二
34 thirty-four三十四;34th thirty-fourth第三十四
36 thirty-six三十六;36th thirty-sixth第三十六
38 thirty-eight三十八;38th thirty-eighth第三十八
40 forty四十;40th fortieth第四十
50 fifty五十;50th fiftieth第五十
60 sixty六十;60th sixtieth第六十
70 seventy七十;70th seventieth第七十
80 eighty八十;80th eightieth第八十
90 ninety九十;90th ninetieth第九十
100 one hundred一百;
100th(one)hundredth第一百
101 one hundred and one一百零一;
101st(one)hundredth and first第一百零一
321 three hundred and twenty-one三百二十一;
321st three hundred and twenty-first第三百二十一
999 nine hundred and ninety-nine九百九十九;
999th nine hundred and ninety-nineth第九百九十九
1,000 one thousand一千;
1,000th (one)thousandth第一千
1,001 one thousand and one一千零一;
1,001st (one)thousand and first第一千零一
4,321 four thousand hundred and twenty-one四千三百二十一;
4,321st four thousand hundred and twenty-first第四千三百二十一
9,999 nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine九千九百九十九;
9,999th nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nineth第九千九百九十九
10,000 ten thousand一万;
10,000th ten thousandth第一万
10,001 ten thousand and one一万零一;
10,001st ten thousand and first第一万零一
54,321 fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-one五万四千三百二十一;
54,321st fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-first第五万四千三百二十一
99,999九万九千九百九十九
99,999th ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-ninth第九万九千九百九十九
100,000 one hundred thousand十万
100,000th one hundred thousandth第十万
100,001 one hundred thousand and one十万零一
100,001st one hundred thousand and first第十万零一
654,321 six hundred and fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-one六十五万四千三百二十一
654,321st six hundred and fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-first第六十五万四千三百二十一
999,999 nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine九十九万九千九百九十九
999,999th nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninth第九十九万九千九百九十九
1,000,000 one million一百万
1,000,000th one millionth第一百万
1,000,001 one million and one一百万零一
1,000,001st one million and first第一百万零一
7,654,321 seven million six hundred and fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-one七百六十五万四千三百二十一
7,654,321st seven million six hundred and fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-first第七百六十五万四千三百二十一
9,999,999 nine million nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine九百九十九万九千九百九十九
9,999,999th nine million nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-ninth第九百九十九万九千九百九十九
10,000,000 ten million一千万
10,000,000 ten millionth第一千万
10,000,001 ten million and one一千万零一
10,000,001st ten million and first第一千万零一
87,654,321 eighty-seven million six hundred and fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-one八千七百六十五万四千三百二十一
87,654,321st eighty-seven million six hundred and fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-first第八千七百六十五万四千三百二十一
99,999,999 ninety-nine million nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine九千九百九十九万九千九百九十九
99,999,999th ninety-nine million nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nineth第九千九百九十九万九千九百九十九
100,000,000 one hundred millon一亿
100,000,000th one hundred millonth第一亿
100,000,001 one hundred millon and one一亿零一
100,000,001st one hundred millon and first第一亿零一
987,654,321 nine hundred and eighty-seven million six hundred and fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-one九亿八千七百六十五万四千三百二十一
987,654,321st nine hundred and eighty-seven million six hundred and fifty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-first第九亿八千七百六十五万四千三百二十一
1,000,000,000 one billion十亿
1,000,000,000th one billionth第十亿
(一)基数词:表示数目的词为基数词,它的构成如下表:
范围
特点
实例
1~12
无规律
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19
以teen为结尾
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90
以ty结尾
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99
十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-”
twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101~999
百位与十位之间通常用and
three hundred and twenty-five(美语中常将and省略)
千以上
6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five;1200—twelve hundred
(二)序数词:表示顺序的数词为序数词,它的构成如下表:
范围
特点
实例
1~19
各基数词尾加th
其中七个例外:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余,如:four — fourth, six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth
20,30~90
把y变i后加eth
twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth
21以后多位数
最后一个数用序数词,其余用基数词
21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth
基数词变序数词口诀
基数词变序数词口诀
英语中基数词变为序数词时,一般在基数词后加词尾-th,但有几个词变化特殊,只要记住下面这个口诀,这些问题即可迎刃而解。
一、二、三,单独记;八去t,九除e, ve要用f替,整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie;要是遇到两位数,十位基数个位序,th最后加上去。
解析口诀:one→first, two→second, three→third这三个词变化特殊,要单独记;eight→eighth, nine→ninth, 八去t,九去e后再加-th; five→fifth, twelve→twelfth,五、十二把ve换成f再加-th;twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth..整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,如:twenty-first。
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